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Philoctetes (Sophocles play)
''Philoctetes'' (, ''Philoktētēs''; English pronunciation: , stressed on the third syllable, ''-tet-''〔John C. Wells, ''Longman pronunciation dictionary'', 3rd edition (2008), entry ''Philoctetes''.〕) is a play by Sophocles (Aeschylus and Euripides also each wrote a ''Philoctetes'' but theirs have not survived). The play was written during the Peloponnesian War. It is one of the seven tragedies of Sophocles to have survived the ravages of time in its complete form. It was first performed at the Festival of Dionysus in 409 BC, where it won first prize. The story takes place during the Trojan War (after the majority of the events of the ''Iliad'', and before the Trojan Horse). It describes the attempt by Neoptolemus and Odysseus to bring the disabled Philoctetes, the master archer, with them to Troy.
==Background==
When Heracles was near his death (the subject of another play by Sophocles, ''The Trachiniae''), he wished to be burned on a funeral pyre while still alive. No one but Philoctetes would light the fire, and in return for this favor Heracles gave him his bow. Philoctetes left with the others to participate in the Trojan War, but was bitten on the foot by a snake while walking on Chryse, a sacred ground. The bite caused him constant agony, and emitted a horrible smell. For this reason he was left by Odysseus on the desert island Lemnos.
Ten years pass, and the Greeks capture the Trojan seer Helenus, son of Priam. He foretells that they will need the master archer Philoctetes and the bow of Heracles to win the war. Odysseus sails back to Lemnos with Neoptolemus (son of Achilles) to get Philoctetes. The task is not easy, as Philoctetes bitterly hates Odysseus and the Greeks for leaving him there.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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